JEL Classification Codes

 Subject Area of JEL codes

A:General Economics and Teaching 

B:Methodology and History of Economic Thought 

C:Mathematical and Quantitative Methods 

D:Microeconomics 

E:Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics 

F:International Economics 

G:Financial Economics 

H:Public Economics 

I:Health, Education and Welfare 

J:Labor and Demographic Economics 

K:Law and Economics 

L:Industrial Organization 

M:Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics 

N:Economic History 

O:Economic Development, Technological Change and Growth 

• O00 - General
• O1 - Economic Development
• O10 - General
• O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
• O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
• O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
• O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
• O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
• O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
• O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
• O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
• O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
• O2 - Development Planning and Policy
• O20 - General
• O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
• O22 - Project Analysis
• O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
• O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
• O25 - Industrial Policy
• O29 - Other
• O3 - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
• O30 - General
• O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
• O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
• O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
• O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
• O35 - Social Innovation
• O38 - Government Policy
• O39 - Other
• O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
• O40 - General
• O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
• O42 - Monetary Growth Models
• O43 - Institutions and Growth
• O44 - Environment and Growth
• O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
• O49 - Other
• O5 - Economywide Country Studies
• O50 - General
• O51 - U.S.; Canada
• O52 - Europe
• O53 - Asia including Middle East
• O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
• O55 - Africa
• O56 - Oceania
• O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries

P:Economic Systems 

Q:Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics 

R:Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics 

Y:Miscellaneous Categories 

Z:Other Special Topics