Biotechnology:- the new era of Sciences

By: Yoshika Sharma
About author: I am Yoshika Sharma, I am pursuing my BSc in biotechnology from Sinhagad College of sciences . I am an research and science enthusiast ,I also have keen intrest in Art , literature and History . I paint , sculpt and Read Novel as my hobbies .I further move on to this internship opportunity in a work space that I am interested in , in a positive way .
Title of Article Biotechnology:- the new era of Sciences
Article Content Biotechnology is a new era of Sciences and technology, what is biotechnology? Biotechnology is the development and utilization of biological forms , products or process for obtaining maximum benefits to man and other forms of life . Biotechnology was first term used by Karl Ereky in 1919 to describe a process for large scale production of pigs. Traditional biotechnology (old biotechnology) was primarily based in fermentation technology using microorganisms as in the preparation of curd , ghee, Soma , vinegar , yogurt , wine . During 1970 new technique of recombinant DNA ie. rDNA was developed . A small glimpse of biotechnology can be stated as : incorporating 5he favourable gene into one plant and coming up with a new formation of a more desirable crop which was all the favorable features , has good yield than the original crop , and is disease resistant. Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field and thus has 4 types 1) environmental biotechnology 2) medicinal or clinical Biotechnology 3) industrial biotechnology 4) Agricultural biotechnology. Application of biotechnology 1) in healthcare biotechnology :- used in the production of human insulin , used in vaccine production , used in production of oral vaccine. Also used in melt-in-mouth type vaccine. 2) Agriculture:- in the production of GM crops ie genetically modified crops which are pest resistant , and stress tolerant and give a good amount of yield . 3) Gene therapy:- Biotechnology is used in the field of gene therapy . Gene therapy is the treatment of disease (disorder) by replacing , altering or supplementing a gene that is absent or abnormal a d whose absence or abnormality is responsible for the disease. This therapy is used in 2 ways 1) germ line gene therapy ,2) somatic cell gene therapy. 4) Genetically modified organisms :- biotechnology is used in the formation of GMOs , these are the organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in laboratory through genetic engineering. 5) used in Biofortification :- where the nutritional qualities of crops is increased . Biotechnology is used in the formation of transgenic organisms 1) Transgenic Animals :- foreign DNA is introduced into the animal using rDNA technology and then a new Genetically modified animal is been made . These animals are used in medical research, toxicology, in molecular biology , pharmaceutical industry. Transgenic farm animals are used in :- effeciency of meat production, improved quality of meat , milk quality and quantity, egg production , wool quality and quantity. The example of transgenic animals are as follows :- Transgenic sheep :- human growth hormone is induced in sheep for promoting the growth and meat production. Transgenic pigs :- gene transfer in pig increase the growth and meat production and to act as bio reactors.they are most suitable for heart transplant in humans as they are of same size and pig heart valves have been used in human heart surgery. Transgenic fishes :- shows increased cold tolerance and improved growth and its quantity and quality of fish protien are well preserved. Transgenic chicken :- are resistant to viral. Disease,better feed efficiency , lower fat and cholesterol levels high protein containing eggs and better meat quality.