At the end of the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution both got started. The three major revolutions described above had an impact on the development of sociology. to comprehend social behaviour in relation to aspects including the environment, genetics, culture, and group.
'The Great Transformation' was authored by the Austrian-Hungarian philosopher Karl Polanyi. He noted how the same three factors inspired the book's title, "The Great Transformation." The book claims that the "great transformation" had a number of effects, one of which was the birth of the science of sociology.
Around 1789, the French Revolution began, and that is when history began to shift. After the French Revolution, the Enlightenment began, creating a new framework of beliefs about nature, society, and humanity. The industrial revolution came after social and economic transformations had started and advanced.
Changes occurred during the French Revolution
Of all the revolutions like the French Revolution, which lasted for ten years, the French Revolution was the first ideological and contemporary revolution. The effects of the French Revolution's impacts on society were profound. The socioeconomic divisions between the people and the feudal society were abolished by this revolution. The people now possess the power that had been removed from the church. People started to feel like citizens for the first time.
Furthermore, the clerical hierarchy persisted as long as they retained their property and rights. These modifications had a considerable impact on the historical, political, and social circumstances in Europe and France. Aristotle and Plato became visible in the historical and social worlds as a result of the French Revolution.
The French Revolution brought about a number of major changes, including the pronouncement of human rights, substantial alterations to the family, the church losing its enormous authority and power, the clerical hierarchy relinquishing its rights and possessions, establishing "civil marriage" and "divorce", and modifications to religion and education.
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution
The second key factor behind the development of sociology was the commencement of the Industrial Revolution. In the 18th century (1870), England witnessed the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
After this revolution, civilizations underwent a number of changes, including rapid population expansion, which had an impact on the economy. Since there was a greater need for commodities as a result of the rapid population development, more employees were required to optimise the production of those items. This kind of job was carried out traditionally before the Industrial Revolution, such as by employing labourers or using crude tools.
The Enlightenment Period
Since there were so many philosophers during the Enlightenment, it was a fascinating period. Jean Condorcet (1743–1794), Charles Montesquieu (1689–1755), and Jacques Tugot (1729–1781) were notable figures in this paradigm. These three individuals questioned established beliefs and customs.
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, sociology began to take shape as a result of a number of key developments, one of which was the Enlightenment. Simply put, being enlightened means having critical thinking skills and understanding the rationale behind society's fundamental principles.
A new framework of varied perspectives on people, society, and nature is what is meant by enlightenment. Before, there were ideas that were firmly anchored in a conventional viewpoint. Christianity is largely responsible for this phenomenon (Hamilton, 23).
Emergence of Sociology in India
Earlier, anthropology in the West was used to study India. When sociology first began to emerge in India, social anthropology—a combination of anthropology and sociology—was used to study the country. creation of sociology Several changes, including ones in the middle class's educated parts, were brought about in India.
Around the 1920s, sociology first began to take off in India. Although sociology was taught at Bombay University as early as 1914, the founding of sociology departments in Lucknow and Mumbai marked the real beginning of sociology in India. The introduction of sociology research and its study were influenced by nationalism on the Indian subcontinent.
Conclusion
The main three factors that inspired or contributed to the development of sociology were the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Age of Enlightenment. Sociology first came into being in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. During this historical era, everyday life was significantly better and simpler for the average person. People began to live better lives with a variety of possibilities as a result of all the developments that took place throughout this time. All of these developments marked a significant turning point in that era, spurring a technological and economic boom and assisting individuals in learning how to coexist in society.
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