Common Names and terms associated with Statistical Analysis

 Here are some common names and terms associated with statistical analysis:

Descriptive Statistics

1. Mean - The average of a set of numbers.
2. Median - The middle value in a list of numbers.
3. Mode - The most frequently occurring value in a set of numbers.
4. Range - The difference between the highest and lowest values.
5. Variance - Measures the dispersion of a set of data points.
6. Standard Deviation - The square root of the variance, representing the average amount of variability in a set of data.

Inferential Statistics

1. Population - The entire group that you want to draw conclusions about.
2. Sample - A subset of the population used to represent the population.
3. Hypothesis Testing - A method for testing a claim or hypothesis about a parameter in a population.
4. Confidence Interval - A range of values that is likely to contain the population parameter.
5. p-value - The probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, the value observed under the null hypothesis.
6. t-test - A statistical test used to compare the means of two groups.
7. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) - A statistical method used to compare the means of three or more samples.
8. Chi-Square Test - A test that measures how expectations compare to actual observed data.

Regression Analysis

1. Linear Regression - A method to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
2. Multiple Regression - An extension of linear regression that uses multiple independent variables to predict a dependent variable.
3. Logistic Regression - A regression model used for binary classification.

Correlation

1. Pearson Correlation - Measures the linear relationship between two continuous variables.
2. Spearman Rank Correlation - Measures the strength and direction of association between two ranked variables.

Advanced Statistical Methods

1. Factor Analysis - A method used to identify underlying relationships between variables.
2. Cluster Analysis - A method used to group similar data points together.
3. Time Series Analysis - Techniques used to analyze time-ordered data points.

Data Visualization

1. Histogram - A graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data.
2. Box Plot - A standardized way of displaying the distribution of data based on a five-number summary.
3. Scatter Plot - A graph used to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.

Non-parametric Tests

1. Mann-Whitney U Test - A test used to compare differences between two independent groups.
2. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test - A test used to compare two paired groups.
3. Kruskal-Wallis Test - An extension of the Mann-Whitney U test for comparing more than two groups.